| 1 | Isaac Newton | the Newtonian Revolution | Anglican (rejected Trinitarianism, Athanasianism) |
| 2 | Albert Einstein | Twentieth-Century Science | Jewish |
| 3 | Neils Bohr | the Atom | Jewish Lutheran |
| 4 | Charles Darwin | Evolution | Anglican (nominal); Unitarian |
| 5 | Louis Pasteur | the Germ Theory of Disease | Catholic |
| 6 | Sigmund Freud | Psychology of the Unconscious | Jewish; Atheist; Freudian psychoanalysis (Freudianism) |
| 7 | Galileo Galilei | the New Science | Catholic |
| 8 | Antoine Laurent Lavoisier | the Revolution in Chemistry | Catholic |
| 9 | Johannes Kepler | Motion of the Planets | Lutheran |
| 10 | Nicolaus Copernicus | the Heliocentric Universe | Catholic (priest) |
| 11 | Michael Faraday | the Classical Field Theory | Sandemanian |
| 12 | James Clerk Maxwell | the Electromagnetic Field | Presbyterian; Anglican; Baptist |
| 13 | Claude Bernard | the Founding of Modern Physiology | |
| 14 | Franz Boas | Modern Anthropology | Jewish |
| 15 | Werner Heisenberg | Quantum Theory | Lutheran |
| 16 | Linus Pauling | Twentieth-Century Chemistry | Lutheran |
| 17 | Rudolf Virchow | the Cell Doctrine | |
| 18 | Erwin Schrodinger | Wave Mechanics | Catholic |
| 19 | Ernest Rutherford | the Structure of the Atom | |
| 20 | Paul Dirac | Quantum Electrodynamics | |
| 21 | Andreas Vesalius | the New Anatomy | Catholic |
| 22 | Tycho Brahe | the New Astronomy | Lutheran |
| 23 | Comte de Buffon | l’Histoire Naturelle | |
| 24 | Ludwig Boltzmann | Thermodynamics | |
| 25 | Max Planck | the Quanta | Protestant |
| 26 | Marie Curie | Radioactivity | Catholic (lapsed) |
| 27 | William Herschel | the Discovery of the Heavens | Jewish |
| 28 | Charles Lyell | Modern Geology | |
| 29 | Pierre Simon de Laplace | Newtonian Mechanics | atheist |
| 30 | Edwin Hubble | the Modern Telescope | |
| 31 | Joseph J. Thomson | the Discovery of the Electron | |
| 32 | Max Born | Quantum Mechanics | Jewish Lutheran |
| 33 | Francis Crick | Molecular Biology | atheist |
| 34 | Enrico Fermi | Atomic Physics | Catholic |
| 35 | Leonard Euler | Eighteenth-Century Mathematics | Calvinist |
| 36 | Justus Liebig | Nineteenth-Century Chemistry | |
| 37 | Arthur Eddington | Modern Astronomy | Quaker |
| 38 | William Harvey | Circulation of the Blood | Anglican (nominal) |
| 39 | Marcello Malpighi | Microscopic Anatomy | Catholic |
| 40 | Christiaan Huygens | the Wave Theory of Light | Calvinist |
| 41 | Carl Gauss (Karl Friedrich Gauss) | Mathematical Genius | Lutheran |
| 42 | Albrecht von Haller | Eighteenth-Century Medicine | |
| 43 | August Kekule | Chemical Structure | |
| 44 | Robert Koch | Bacteriology | |
| 45 | Murray Gell-Mann | the Eightfold Way | Jewish |
| 46 | Emil Fischer | Organic Chemistry | |
| 47 | Dmitri Mendeleev | the Periodic Table of Elements | |
| 48 | Sheldon Glashow | the Discovery of Charm | Jewish |
| 49 | James Watson | the Structure of DNA | atheist |
| 50 | John Bardeen | Superconductivity |